Wednesday, April 21, 2010

vocab.

1) Breach

n., v.

a lapse, gap or break, as in a fortress wall. To break or break through. ex: Unfortunately, the club members never forgot his breach of etiquette.

2) Dearth

n

lack, scarcity: "The prosecutor complained about the dearth of concrete evidence against the suspect."

3) depredation

n.

the act of preying upon or plundering: "The depredations of the invaders demoralized the population."

4) engender

v.

to give rise to, to propagate, to cause: "His slip of the toungue engendered much laughter."

5) incorrigible

adj

not capable of being corrected: "The school board finally decided the James was incorrigible and expelled him from school."

6) Indelible

adj.

permanent; unerasable; strong: "The Queen made an indelible impression on her subjects."

7) Infer

v.

to deduce: "New genetic evidence led some zoologists to infer that the red wolf is actually a hybrid of the coyote and the gray wolf."

8) ingenious

adj

clever: "She developed an ingenious method for testing her hypothesis."(n: ingenuity)

9) intransigent

adj.

stubborn; immovable; unwilling to change: "She was so intransigent we finally gave up trying to convince her." (n: intransigence)

10) lugubrious

adj

weighty, mournful, or gloomy, especially to an excessive degree: "Jake's lugubrious monologues depressed his friends

11) misanthrope

n.

one who hates people: "He was a true misanthrope and hated even himself."

12) mitigate

v.

to make less forceful; to become more moderate; to make less harsh or undesirable: "He was trying to mitigate the damage he had done."

noisome

adj.

harmful, offensive, destructive: "The noisome odor of the dump carried for miles."

13) Placate

v.

to calm or reduce anger by making concessions: "The professor tried to placate his students by postponing the exam."

14) precipitate

v., n

to fall; to fall downward suddenly and dramatically; to bring about or hasten the occurrence of something: "Old World diseases precipitated a massive decline in the American Indian population."

15) prodigal

adj.

rashly wasteful: "Americans' prodigal devotion to the automobile is unique."

16) propitiate

v.

to conciliate; to appease: "They made sacrifices to propitiate angry gods."

17) specious

adj.

seemingly true but really false; deceptively convincing or attractive: "Her argument, though specious, was readily accepted by many."

18) superficial

adj.

only covering the surface: "A superficial treatment of the topic was all they wanted."

19) tractable

adj.

ability to be easily managed or controlled: "Her mother wished she were more tractable."

20) verbose

adj.

wordy: "The instructor asked her verbose student to make her paper more concise."

21) Vex

v.

to annoy; to bother; to perplex; to puzzle; to debate at length: "Franklin vexed his brother with his controversial writings."

22) pedantic

adj

showing a narrow concern for rules or formal book learning; making an excessive display of one's own learning: "We quickly tired of his pedantic conversation."

23) pragmatic

adj.

concerned with facts; practical, as opposed to highly principled or traditional: "His pragmatic approach often offended idealists."

24) precursor

n.

something (or someone) that precedes another: "The assassination of the Archduke was a precursor to the war."

25) prevaricate

v.

to stray away from or evade the truth: "When we asked him what his intentions were, he prevaricated."

Monday, April 19, 2010

report-final draft


A computer is any programmable electronic device that can store, recover, and process data. Moslems developed the basic idea of computing in the 1200's when they solved problems with a series of written procedures.
Mechanical calculators were manufactured for sale in the 1640's. There are some records for earlier machines, but Blaise Pascal invented the first commercial calculator. It was a hand powered adding machine. The first true multiplying calculator appeared in Germany shortly before the American Revolution. But, there were some tries to multiply mechanically made by Gottfried Liebnitz in the 1670s.
In 1935, Konrad Zuse, a German construction engineer, built a calculator that worked mechanically. He made it to handle the math involved in his profession. Shortly after completion, Zuse started on a programmable electronic device which he completed in 1938.
In Iowa State, in the basement of the physics building, John Vincent Atanasoff began work on a digital computer in 1936. A graduate student, Clifford John Berry assisted him. The ABC is designed to solve linear equations commonly used in physics. It displays some early features of later computers including electronic calculations. He showed it to the public in 1939 (History of Computers).
Nowadays, the uses of computers are limitless. If you look around you, I am sure that you will find a lot of computers nearby. Computers are used in medicine. For example, software is used for performing surgery and is used to store patient data. Also, it is used in mathematical calculations and solving complicated equations that need days to solve. In addition, it is used in the military extensively; pilots are trained in a simulator before going to a real flight. Moreover, some plans are piloted by a computer. One important use is the internet where you can access other documents, see your e-mail ….. etc(Dustin Wax). It is very hard to state all computer uses in one paper. Finally, this paper is done using a computer.
From the previous words, we can see that the computers have developed a lot. The first programmable computer was as big as a room, required a lot of energy to operate and was very slow. However, nowadays computers are small (laptops) very fast and require optimal energy to operate. It is hard to talk about the safety of the computers because they are always safe to use.
In terms of quality, anyone can see the rapid improvement in computer quality. For example, ten years ago, the processor of the commercial computer was about 800 MHz and the hard disk capacity was about 10 Gb. Nowadays. The processer can be up to 4000 MHz (mobile phone processor is 1200 Gb!) and hard disk capacity of 500 Gb ( Refurbished Fujitsu Laptops ). Today computers are much more efficient than previous ones. It is very hard to see a laptop ten years ago. But, we can see them everywhere nowadays. The desktop was used extensively which means it was limited to indoor use only. Now, most people use laptops since they are smaller and work with batteries. In addition, super computers are used in engineering to do hard iteration that is impossible to do with old computers. Even new commercial computers and laptops will take a very long time to do these jobs.
Computer technology will be improved because everyone needs it. One month ago, a new type of computer called the iPad was shown in the shops. It is very small compared to laptops. It has a touch screen and powerful processor and memory. That new computer technology will give us a sight on how the computers will be in the future. We can see the main parts of the computers (processor, RAM and capacity) will be improved at the same trend(Shah.A). Sizes of computers will be smaller and smaller. I believe that computer technology has no boundary.






1- John Atanasoff. "I Needed a Computer." Student Resource Center. Wobbe Vegter, 2008. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. http://wvegter.hivemind.net/abacus/CyberHeroes/Atanasoff.htm


2- "Refurbished Fujitsu Laptops." Student Resource Center. RefurbishedLaptopsMarket, 19 Apr. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. http://refurbishedlaptopsmarket.com/refurbished-fujitsu-laptops/



3- Shah Newaz Alam. "Computer Parts List." Student Resource Center. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/computer-parts-list.html

4-

4- Dustin Wax. "5 MORE Ways to Make Your Computer Work For You (And Not The Other Way Around)." Student Resource Center. 26 Mar. 2008. Web. 26 Apr. 2010. http://www.lifehack.org/articles/productivity/5-more-ways-to-make-your-computer-work-for-you-and-not-the-other-way-around.html

5- "History of Computers." Student Resource Center. 2009. Web. 26 Apr. 2010. http://goldenink.com/computersandnetworks.shtml

Monday, April 12, 2010

report draft

A computer is any programmable electronic device that can store, recover, and process data. Moslems developed the basic idea of computing in 1200's when they solved problems with a series of written procedures.

Mechanical calculators were manufactured for sale in the 1640's. There are some records for earlier machines, but Blaise Pascal invented the first commercial calculator. It is a hand powered adding machine. The first true multiplying calculator appeared in Germany shortly before the American Revolution. But, there were some tries to multiply mechanically made by Gottfried Liebnitz in the 1670s.

In 1935, Konrad Zuse, a German construction engineer, built a calculator that worked mechanically. He made it to handle the math involved in his profession. Shortly after completion, Zuse started on a programmable electronic device which he completed in 1938.

In Iowa State, in the basement of the Physics building, John Vincent Atanasoff began work on a digital computer in 1936. A graduate student, Clifford (John) Berry assisted him. The "ABC" was designed to solve linear equations commonly used in physics. It displayed some early features of later computers including electronic calculations. He showed it to the public in 1939(History of Computers).

Nowadays, the uses of computers are limitless. If you look around you, I am sure that you will find a lot of computers nearby. Computers are used in medicine. For example, software is used for performing surgery and is used to store patient data. Also, it is used in mathematical calculations and solving complicated equations that need days to solve. In addition, it is used in the military extensively; pilots are trained in a simulator before going to real flights. Moreover, some planes are piloted by a computer. One important use is the internet where you can access other documents, see your e-mail ….. etc (Dustin Wax). It is very hard to state all computer uses. Finally, this paper is done using a computer.

In conclusion, from what I have been mentioned above we can see there are a lot of people need to use computers because it make their life easeir. Also help and support thim in many feilds in their life.

1- John Atanasoff. "I Needed a Computer." Student Resource Center. Wobbe Vegter, 2008. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. http://wvegter.hivemind.net/abacus/CyberHeroes/Atanasoff.htm

2-Dustin Wax. "5 MORE Ways to Make Your Computer Work For You (And Not The Other Way Around)." Student Resource Center. 26 Mar. 2008. Web. 26 Apr. 2010. http://www.lifehack.org/articles/productivity/5-more-ways-to-make-your-computer-work-for-you-and-not-the-other-way-around.html

3- "History of Computers" Student Resource Center. 2009. Web. 26 Apr. 2010. http://goldenink.com/computersandnetworks.shtml